Definition and Uses of the Definite Article the in English

In English, the definite article the is a determiner that refers to particular nouns. As Laurel J. Brinton has noted, There are several different uses for each article, articles are often omitted, and there are dialectal differences in the use of articles. Thus, article usage can be an area of grammar which is very difficult for non-native speakers to master (The Linguistic Structure of Modern English, 2010). Examples of the in Sentences She closed the carton carefully. First, she kissed her father, then she kissed her mother. Then she opened the lid again, lifted the pig out, and held it against her cheek.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952)Now, as always, the most automated appliance in a household is the mother.(Beverly Jones, 1970)Horseshoes are lucky. Horses have four bits of lucky nailed to their feet. They should be the luckiest animals in the world. They should rule the country.(Eddie Izzard, Definite Article, 1996)Writing is a solitary occupation. Family, friends, and society are the natural enemies of the writer.(Jessamyn West)The greatest part of a writers time is spent in reading.(Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791)Im a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work, the more I have of it.(Thomas Jefferson)It is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.(Abraham Maslow, The Psychology of Science: A Reconna issance. Harper, 1966)You have been in every prospect I have ever seen since--on the river, on the sails of the ships, on the marshes, in the clouds, in the light, in the darkness, in the wind, in the woods, in the sea, in the streets.(Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, 1861)The barbarians come out at night. Before darkness falls the last goat must be brought in, the gates barred, a watch set in every lookout to call the hours.(J.M. Coetzee, Waiting for the Barbarians. Secker Warburg, 1980) The Various Pronunciations of the The pronunciation of the definite article changes, depending upon the initial sound of the word that it precedes. If the word begins with a consonant sound, the e in the is pronounced uh: the (thuh) ball, the (thuh) bat. If the word begins with a vowel sound, the e makes a long vowel sound like in sweet: the (thee) automobile, the (thee) exorcist.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Henry Holt, 2004) Major Uses of the In broad outline, the major uses of the are the following: 1. for something previously mentioned: yesterday I read a book . . . the book was about space travel (This is the anaphoric, or pointing back, function of the definite article);2. for a unique or fixed referent: the Prime Minister, the Lord, the Times, the Suez Canal;3. for a generic referent: (I love) the piano, (We are concerned about) the unemployed;4. for something which is part of the immediate socio-physical context or generally known: the doorbell, the kettle, the sun, the weather;5. for something identified by a modifying expression either preceding or immediately following the noun: the gray horse, the house at the end of the block; and6. for converting a proper noun to a common noun: the England he knew, the Shakespeare of our times, the Hell I suffered. (Laurel J. Brinton and Donna M. Brinton, The Linguistic Structure of Modern English. John Benjamins, 2010) Use of the Definite Article Before Familiar Nouns Definite articles are . . . used when the speaker assumes that because the listener belongs to the same community, he or she shares specific knowledge of their surroundings. For example, if two people who work in the same place are discussing where to meet for lunch, one of them might say something like the first sentence in (36): Rebecca: Lets meet at the cafeteria at 12:15.Paul: Okay, Ill see you then. Here, the definite article is used because both speakers are part of the same work community; the cafeteria is part of their shared knowledge.(Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Definite Articles Before Proper Names We only use  proper names with a stressed definite article when the person is famous or when we doubt his identity in spite of knowing his name, as in Are you THE Bill Hunter?, implying that there may be different persons of the same name but one is better known than the others. . . . The situation is different with geographical names, or toponyms, which are notorious for their seemingly unsystematic use: some have no article, others have the definite article. Whether a geographical name is used with or without a definite article is often a matter of historical accident. . . .The names of most countries such as Canada take no article, which reflects their conceptualisation of a clearly bounded political entity. Countries or geographical areas that are seen as collections of political units take a plural proper name with the definite article, as in the United States, the Netherlands, and the Baltics.A clear instance of a semantic opposition between the zero-article form and the definite article is found in the names of states such as Ohio and names of rivers such as the Ohio. States are clearly bounded political entities, while rivers are natural phenomena that may stretch for hundreds, even thousands of miles so that we do not have their overall extension in mind. Most river names, therefore, require the definite article to mark an unbounded entity as a unique referent.(Gà ¼nter Radden and Renà © Dirven, Cognitive English Grammar. John Benjamins, 2007) The Most Common Word The is the most commonly used word in the English language, occurring nearly 62,000 times in every million words written or uttered--or about once in every 16 words. Thats more than twice as often as the runner-up, of. . . . Americans do have a thing for the word the. We say in the hospital and in the spring; the British sensibly omit the article. They favor collective or purely regional sports team names, such as Manchester United or Arsenal, while we have the New York Yankees, the Los Angeles Angels (which when you translate the Spanish becomes the the Angels Angels), and such syntactical curiosities as the Utah Jazz and the Orlando Magic. (Ben Yagoda, When You Catch an Adjective, Kill It. Broadway Books, 2007) Usage Tip From David Marsh Leaving the out often reads like jargon: say the conference agreed to do something, not conference agreed; the government has to do, not government has to; the Super League (rugby), not Super League.(David Marsh, Guardian Style. Guardian Books, 2007) The Lighter Side of the Definite Article What do Alexander the Great and Winnie the Pooh have in common? They have the same middle name.(Ted Cohen, Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters. The University of Chicago Press, 1999)

The African American Struggle During The United States Essay

The African American Struggle in the United States Before the civil rights movement in America, many writers that grew up during times of oppression and racial discrimination began to speak out about the problems African Americans faced. Wilson, Hughes, and Hansberry explore the themes of racism and the American dream in their works to reveal the situation for black Americans in the United States during the time period after World War II. The American dream is the idea that every person should have the chance to be successful in the United States. People from all over flocked to the US in hopes of achieving this American dream that everyone talked about; however, things were not quite as expected when they got here. The whole idea was gilded, so to speak. From the outside, everything looked perfect, but once these people settled down in America, they soon realized that it was not everything it had been made out to be. Another huge movement of people in America was the Great Migration. In both Fences and A Raisin in the Sun, the older generations â€Å"participates in the Great Migration to escape peonage, Jim Crow, and the South’s racist terrorism in the hope of securing a better life in the North† (Hannah 158). It was a period that lasted for several decades when black Americans living in the south migrated to the North and West in hopes of escaping slavery and poverty in the south. They traveled to major cities such as New York and Chicago trying to land jobs in factories.Show MoreRelatedThe Role Of Civil Disobedience And The Civil Rights Movement1503 Words   |  7 PagesProtests have long been an essential part of American life, employed to to draw attention to critical issues,events, and injustices. Ranging from peaceful marches to powerful acts of civil disobedience, not only in the United States but in Central American countries such as Nicaragua. This being said, civil protests and peaceful demonstrations were not necessarily more successful in exuding change than pieces of legislation bu t moreso acted as a catalyst for social change, leading towards legislationRead MoreChanges Brewing For African American History1708 Words   |  7 PagesChanges Brewing for African Americans in 1950s Determined to write a play about African American experience in the United States for every decade during the 20th century, Wilson has written many plays representing each of these decades. Fences is one of such plays about African American in the 1950 s. It began in 1957 and ended in 1965; however, the 1950s marks the time period when the struggle against segregation and racial discrimination became strong in the mainstream of American life, showing thatRead MoreNew Negro Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThe abolition of slavery in the United States presented southern African Americans with many new opportunities, including the option of relocation in search of better living conditions. The mass movement of black people from the rural areas of the South to the cities of the North, known as the Black Migration, came in the 1890s when black men and women left the south to settle in cities such as Philadelphia and New York, fleeing from the rise of Jim Crowe Laws and searching for work. This migrationRead MoreThe Struggle For African American Liberation1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe early 1960s, when both men entered the struggle for African American liberation, it were the factors that set them apart that shaped both their outlook and the way they contributed to fight for Black empowerment. While Malcolm rose to fame by means of fierce attacks on Whites, Carmichael participated in non-violent workshops to prepare himself for his participation in the Freedom Rides. The first time Stokely encountered Malcolm X in person was during an event at Howard University in 1961, whereRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1708 Words   |  7 Pagesof grassroots activists and national leaders to obtain for African Americans the basic rights guaranteed to American citizens in the Constitution. The key players in succeeding with the civil rights movement were the soldiers returning from the war, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comm ittee (SNCC), and the anti-Vietnam War activists. During the civil rights movement, nearly every African American had experienced segregation at lunch stands. In a JournalRead MoreFreedom And African American History Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom And African American History 1 XIN LI The United States is a immigrant country, which faces varieties of problems. The African American problem is one of the most serious one. Racial segregation is a deep-rooted social problem, which reflects in every field in the United States. For example, education, labor market and criminal justice system. In the aspect of educationRead MoreThe Black Power Movement Of African Americans1605 Words   |  7 Pagesin the United States of America. Oppression can happen to people of all races, ethnicities, and sexual orientations. The black power movement cannot be placed into a box of confinement, it much more that one movement. Since the 1960s there have been many things like small protests and movements that have contributed to the black power movement over time. There have been African Americans and other people from all over the world that have disagreed with the injustice that African Americans have facedRead MoreThe Nile River Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages Despite the large size of the African continent and the many geographical factors that encompass it, there is seemingly one stream of water that virtually everyone in the world knows, the Nile River. What most do not know is that the Nile originates from two separate locations, with two major tributaries. The tributary in the east, the Blue Nile, begins from Lake Tana in Ethiopia and the tributary in the west, the White Nile, begins in Uganda. Both travel hundreds of miles until they reach theirRead MoreThe Freedom Of Struggles By Adriane Lentz Smith1250 Words   |  5 Pageswrote the book called the Freedom of Struggles, Who is an associate Professor of History at Duke University. Adriane had studied history and African American studies. She was successful in everything Adriane did, she had many goals to achieve. One of the goals were to get across one point about how war world 1 and African Americans goes to Europe with American expeditionary forces in World War 1. How the stor y was a critical movement in the book â€Å"freedom of struggles†. Adriane was an aggressive andRead MoreFrederick Douglass : African American Freedom Struggle888 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass became a vital figure for the African American freedom struggle during the 1860’s with the help of the abolitionist movement. Before becoming a famous spokesman Douglass was just like every other African American slave, attempting to find a way to freedom. Douglass’ runaway slave status quickly changed when abolitionist bought his freedom in hopes to strengthen the abolitionist movement. Since abolitionists were able to recognize Douglass’ intellectual abilities it made him a key

Education Is Taken For Granted - 2547 Words

Here in America, education is taken for granted. children routinely complain about going to school. They dread waking up early or doing homework, and declare their abhorrence to anything considered educational. However, to the people and characters of these books, education is invaluable. Education, among many other things, is a common theme within these memoirs and stories. In the Middle-Eastern and North-African countries, school is not so available. School is especially unavailable to certain ethnicities, races, gender, or even the general population. people in power find education threatening(Matt). This unavailability, in addition to its prohibition, directly affects Halima Bashir ,Tears of The Desert, Malala, I Am Malala, and†¦show more content†¦Malala believes â€Å"that knowledge is power† (Matt), and, disturbed by the fact that â€Å"25 million children.. are out of school in Pakistan† (Khan), she decides it is her purpose to represent, and fight for these people. At first, the lack of education was due to ignorance. However, fear that education would take the people’s naevity, and their own influence, the Taliban did everything in their power to prevent edification (Matt) (Jamieson). When they started banning education for women and â€Å"razing hundreds of schools† (Khan), Malala dared to hold secret groups in an effort to provide knowledge for her peers. Malala spoke about women’s rights, the need for education, and the horrors of the Taliban, with outright defiance of the consequences(Lamb) (Khan) (Matt) (Jamieson). Even in the midst of Taliban terror, Malala continues to fight for peace, knowledge, and empowerment. Even after Malala nearly paying â€Å"the ultimate price: her life†, she is not afraid to speak (Lamb). There’s no one who has [lived] for centuries...our body is going to die, but the mission, and the campaign that we have, I want that to survive, and I want that to live forever. For that reason, I will continue my work. And I m not afraid of death. (O’Donnell) Education is a less obvious theme in Kite Runner. However, it is important nonetheless. Within this book, the restriction on education is a clear manifestationShow MoreRelatedEssay on Education is Taken for Granted in America924 Words   |  4 Pagesget an education late into their twenties, some even going on to take classes the rest of their lives. Education in America is something that is readily available and even is required by law, but taken for granted by many children. On flip side third world countries often do not have schools or public education mandated by government, and most times it is not even available when most children yearn for it. Education is taken for granted in America, and in third world countries where education is almostRead MoreEssay on Taking Things for Granted1479 Words   |  6 Pageshave an absolute and infinite capacity for taking things for granted.† (Aldous Huxley) Young adults take things for granted: basic things, simple things, everything. Wasting food, not realizing what freedom means, not valuing education, and using up any readily available resources, has become a part of the daily routine without anyone realizing it. A rising problem amongst our age bracket today is young adults take what they have for granted, not realizing the long term consequences of their actionsRead MoreThe Benefits Of A College Education1032 Words   |  5 PagesA college education has become a necessity in today’s society. Students all around the country are putting so much effort into getting perfect grades. Trying to finance every students education has become difficult. Although, many students, teachers, and other people have wondered if giving students a free tuition should be granted. I believe that students should be granted a free tuition and that it should be funded by the U.S government because this could help stud ents focus more on their studiesRead MoreBanks Npa Impact on Indian Economy1678 Words   |  7 Pagesprincipal remain over due for two harvest seasons but for a period not exceeding 2 years, in case of an advance granted for agricultural purpose and in respect of advances granted for agricultural purpose w.e.f. 30th  September 2004, a loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the installment of principal or interest thereon remains over due for two crops season and loan granted for long duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the installment of principal and interest thereon remainRead MoreLaws And Regulations Of A Child With Disabilities980 Words   |  4 PagesSecretary of Education, Arne Duncan. My opinion on this new policy is negative. I do not believe students who suffer from disabilities should have the option of modified testing taken away from them. In the past, only two percent of the special needs student body was allowed to be granted modified testing under the No Child Left Behind Act. This policy was known as the â€Å"2 percent rule†. The No Child Left Behind Act prevents schools from excluding students with disabilities from the education accountabilityRead MorePersonal Statement : My Coaching Philosophy1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sport. Giving respect to your coaches is something I learned from the beginning. Being respectful and having a positive attitude learned at a young age is something completely taken for granted until you have adults who can neither adapt nor be flexible when something does not go their way. Sport is a form of education in that it teaches you similar life lessons that will be useful for far longer than the amount of time that you spend actually playing it. Making the connection between health ofRead MoreImmigration During The United States1199 Words   |  5 Pagesmeet these requirements are granted a two year deferred action, which means they will avoid deportation, and are able to renew their application every two years. Individuals requesting deferred action must pay $465 in fees (Deferred Action A QA Guide). This cost includes fee charges that are necessary to complete the application. DACA, however, does not grant a pathway to citizenship for these individuals and can be removed at any time. This executive order granted millions of undocumented immigrantsRead MoreThe American Of An Asian American Male, Whose Parents Had Shipped 754 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States to study. Johnny Nguyen was only thirteen years old when his parents informed him he was going to the United States to study in a middle school in New Jersey. Johnny knew that his parents would send him to the USA to get a better education, but he thought his parents would wait until he was ready to go to college. Johnny stated that the reason he was going to the states at a young age was that his Uncle was offered a job; thus, without informing Johnny, his parents prepared a studentRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Aspects Of A Teaching Role953 Words   |  4 Pagesperspectives. One of the teachers whom I interviewed was Mr. Gonzales a high school Spanish teacher. He first served the U.S. Army until he retired and decided to become a teacher. Although, he knew that teachers are not paid enough and ar e taken for granted, he only cared about making a difference in a child’s life. Mr. Gonzales states that his goals as an educator is to, â€Å"reach all my students no matter their diversity, ethnicity, and learning style in order to help them succeed† (H. Gonzalez,Read MoreMalala Yousafzai Speech Analysis934 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is something that everyone should strive for and needs to have. Whether you’re young and dumb, or old and think you know it all, there is always something new to learn. Education is always going to be around, no matter what. That is why it is so important that everyone around the world has access to it. In Malala Yousafzai’s Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, the author, Malala Yousafzai, stresses the importance of education and how it isn’t something to take for granted. In this reading repetition

Positive And Effective Communications With News Media Essay

Positive and effective communications with news media are critical to La Salle University’s ability to achieve its mission: To help students gain theoretical and practical knowledge, deepen their ethical sensibilities, and prepare for a lifetime of continuous learning, professional success, and dedicated service. Positive media relations practices result in earning news stories that promote the University as a whole; expand the visibility of the Office of the President; and ensure that truthful information is reported to the public regarding incidents of a sensitive nature. Such media placements additionally help to attract prospective students, solicit continued financial and volunteer support, and maintain a positive reputation for La Salle locally in Philadelphia, regionally in the Northeast, and nationally. This guide is intended to define the approved processes for interacting with the news media. â€Å"News media† refers to journalists and content creators for local, regional, and national newspapers, magazines, television and radio stations, and online publications. The University Communications team includes CCO and the Director. Both positions promote La Salle University through targeted press releases, positive media relations practices, media alerts, social media, and press events re: student and faculty accomplishments, campus events and activities, University programs, and more. It is the responsibility of University Marketing and Communications to proactivelyShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On The Media1078 Words   |  5 Pagesof the political system, the media and its different portrayals of the presidency result in a quite unique relationship. At times, the media portrays the President positively and at other times the relationship may be a bit more negative. This relationship tends to make the flow of information and media spotlight a concern for the President to maintain. But, controlling the stream of information isn’t an easy task particularly when it is unfairly negative. The mass media retains unrealistic expectationsRea d MoreEntourage Final Paper1556 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is a tremendous aspect of everyday life. The effects of positive and negative communication are imperative to making deals, providing information, and even everyday office interaction. The way people communicate with each other defines their character, especially in an office setting. Positive communication skills are appreciated and are the basis of running a successful company. Conversely, negative communication can lead to business failure, as well as poor relationships with co-workersRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications Involves Realigning Communications Flow From Different Sources767 Words   |  4 PagesIntegrated marketing An integrated marketing program that will comprise a variety of communication methods will be implemented. Integrated marketing communications involves realigning communications flow from different sources. It aims at encouraging organization’s target market to listen to what the business has to offer. These channels include PR, sales promotion, social media marketing and traditional advertising. Service related information to consumers will be disseminated through these channelsRead MoreWhat Is Public Relations ( Pr )?1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthe definition of PR is individual difference. It is commonly thought that PR has inseparable connection with media, communication, news, advertising, marketing and even other fields, meaning that with the evolution and development of the society, science, technology and media, the definition of PR is changing as well. Nowadays, the prevalence of information age and the rise of the new media age may become key factors of defining wh at is PR and how PR is applied. Shirley Harrison who is a famous personRead MoreCorrelation Between Safety Needs And Motivation789 Words   |  4 Pagessupported; family support, traditional values, and life satisfaction had significant positive correlations with the satisfaction of safety needs. The satisfaction of each higher-level need was statistically predicted by the satisfaction of the need immediately below it in the hierarchy, as expected from Maslow s theory. Multiple regression analyses was used to determine the statistical prediction. There was a positive correlation with safety needs and motivation (Gilley Praeger, 2009). Strategy Implications:Read MoreThe Public Relations Institute Of New Zealand Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesPRINZ - the Public Relations Institute of New Zealand - defines Public Relations (PR) as â€Å"The deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its target audiences.† In this essay I will critically assess PRINZ’s definition of PR through deconstructing the definitions into sections in relation to relevant PR theory such as the excellence theory, relationship management and the systems theory. The major part of the PRINZ quote thatRead MoreA Brief Note On Social Media And Advertising1469 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Social Media and Advertising Advertising is an effective means to get information about a product directly through to the consumers, and with the advent of smart phones and social media it has evolved dramatically. Prior to social media an advertiser must have made direct contact with a potential buyer or had to purchase signs or commercial slots on television. Now a majority of young adults in the developed world have smart phones that are linked to their social media. This increases theRead MoreTools in Communication in Organization1476 Words   |  6 PagesTools of communication in organization Introduction Organizations are made up of people and each person receives information and processes them in different ways, and it is important that in every organization we have different tools to communicate with each other, and we have to make it sure that every message is understood by everyone to have a better implementation. Communication is one of the key to an organization s success. So it is important to know how to have effective communication withRead MoreThe Role Of Media And Its Impact On Emergency Management1428 Words   |  6 Pagesrole of the media in disasters. This paper will highlight the various types of media and their impact on emergency management today. It will compare and contrast the negative and positive roles the media plays in a disaster. It will then examine the positive and negative roles the media plays in disasters and how this is relevant to emergency management. The concluding section of the paper will highlight the various types of media and their impact on emergency management today. Positive Roles the MediaRead MoreFaceboook, Myspace, Twitter, LinkedIn, Flickr, Foursquare, and YouTube1170 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of social media becomes more frequent in various parts of the world. It makes the field of public relations experience changes both in the field of theory and practice. The changes are not directly caused by the presence of social media, but social media offers many opportunities for public relations practitioners to interact with the public through the adaptation of technology and integrate it into their daily activities (Curtis, 2010) Social media is defined as the democratization

College Computerized Billing System free essay sample

With the power of technology nowadays, people get interested with computers. They tried to indulge themselves on it to have a productive result in a more efficient and time saving process. It is highly valued in institutions like business enterprises, schools, hospitals, government and non government services. However, some of them are still using manual system. In this regard, we acknowledge the value of computerized system. As of today’s generation, there are already many college schools existing.One of which is IJMS College Department that serves tutorial type. It is located at Malvar, Santiago City and is owned by Dr. Imelda B. Brilliantes. IJMS started the operation of their college department on June 2004. Since the said industry is new, they still don’t have computerized system for reservation and billing which is very useful for business purposes. For thesis project, the researchers would like to propose a reservation and billing system to D’ Budgetel to help the management and have a synchronize flow in their transactions system. We will write a custom essay sample on College Computerized Billing System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2 Statement of the ProblemHotel customers choose important considerations in choosing a place to stay like location, price/value and service. These are very important because these are the primary basis of a customer to be attracted in that business. Since the researchers found out that manual procedure are still used in processing their billing and reservation transactions, it greatly affects their customer’s need. This study aims to look for the following problems: 1. The School billing statement doesn’t provide specific or detailed information regarding on student’s payment or charges.

Material Handling Equipment Planning

Question: Discuss about the Material Handling Equipment Planning. Answer: Preface: JustMoveIt logistics is a logistic service provider and has been awarded with a long-term contract to provide the warehousing services fo sedapMakan Pte Ltd, A food manufacturing company, which produces convenience foods such as ready to eat meals and packaged frozen foods. The current objective is to come up with a concept plan for the warehouse layout to suit SedapMakans requirements. The details of the products to be handled and currently being produced in its food processing lines are provided below for reference, Ready to eat meals are being provided in re-heatable plastic packaging systems Frozen foods in packaged format To be handled based on First expired first out basis Approximately about 500 SKUs need to be stored in the ware house. Orders and handling bulk data: Average of 60 orders per month Each order will range from 5 to 40 lines MOQ for each order will be about 1000 cartons [Hence the order volume can be about 5000 cartons to 40,000 cartons] Urgent orders requires picking up 50SKUs from the line Inbound logistics: 10 to 50 twenty foot containers depending on the sales for that month. Storage 2 months of stock to be kept 35% of the stock to be stored in chiller 65% of the stock to be stored in A/C environment Outbound: There will be sales to 8 countries in Asia Pacific Sales to 6 countries in Middle East Each outbound order ranges from 15 to 80 ISO pallets. Additional information: Each 20 foot container can hold upto 20 ISO pallets On average 1 ISO pallet holds 200 cartons. Inferences and calculations: Each container can contain about 4000 cartons. Total outbound can range upto 16000 cartons ( 80 ISO pallets) Total Inbound can range upto 50 containers ( 50 * 20 ISO pallets) Total cartons can be upto 2,00,000 cartons maximum ( 50 * 20 ISO pallets) Minimum inbound cartons can be 40,000 cartons ( 10 * 20 ISO pallets) Observations: From the given conditions it is much clear that there will be more to do with the handling of the ISO pallets containing the cartons of the food material. Hence inorder to handle the same following are the equipment to be employed. Proposed Material Handling Equipment: The type of equipment needed to handle the pallets can be any of the following, Pallet trucks, Pallet jacks, (Powered and Manual handling types) Bulk load container (For movement within the ware house) Forklifts (For moving the pallets within the ware house as well to support the loading and unloading operations) Electric hoist (For lifting the bulk loads and for movement in the ware house) Jib crane (For material movement) Bridge Crane (Based on necessity will be according to the layout of the warehouse) Gantry Crane(Mobile Gantry crane Recommended) Narrow Aisle straddle Truck Side loader Tractor Trailer Specifications (Suggestive) of the material handling equipment proposed: Pallet Jack Toyota 8HBE40 Pallet Truck Hand Type (3 Ton) Model BT lifter Clark NSR 25 Narrow Aisle Reach Truck LD single girder Electric hoist crane Span Length 7.5m-31.5m, Lifting capacity 1-32Tons Tractor Trailer specifications 86 Height, 86 width, 48 length of the trailer Gantry crane capacity 3 Tons to 5 Tons Bridge Crane capacity 3 Tons to 5 tons Forklift standard sizes BoBcat S130 model. Remarks: The exact size of the equipment and the capacity, need to be designed based on the actual dimensions of the ware house layout as well as other dimensions involved in. References: Parrish, A. (Ed.). (2014).Mechanical engineer's reference book. Elsevier. Accorsi, R., Manzini, R., Maranesi, F. (2014). A decision-support system for the design and management of warehousing systems.Computers in Industry,65(1), 175-186